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mining\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u5de5\u5177\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u5b8c\u6210\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u5fae\u535a\u3001\u535a\u5ba2\u3001\u8bba\u575b\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u804a\u5929\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u672c\u5730\u6587\u672c\u7c7b\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5404\u7c7b\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u76ee\u524d\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u5206\u8bcd\u3001\u5b57\u9891\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u8bcd\u9891\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\uff08\u542b\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u590d\u6742\uff09\u3001\u5171\u73b0\u5206\u6790\u3001\u540c\u88ab\u5f15\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f9d\u5b58\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5171\u73b0\u77e9\u9635\u7b49\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>04.\u8d28\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u8d28\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u88ab\u5f52\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bba\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8bbf\u8c08\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u00a0\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5199\u4f5c\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7530\u5916\u91ce\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u6863\u6848\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u68c0\u89c6\u3001\u4e0e\u8861\u91cf\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u627e\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5173\u5fc3\u5927\u4f17\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u540c\u884c\u64b0\u5199\u6574\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\u3002\u800c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u8f83\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u578b\u6001\u4e0a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u7eaa\u5f55\uff0c1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u5197\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u00a0\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u4ea6\u79f0\u53e3\u7891\u53f2\u5b66\u3002\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u53e3\u5934\u53f2\u6599\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u652f\u30021948\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u827e\u4f26\u5185\u6587\u65af\uff08Allan Nevins\uff09\u6559\u6388\u5728\u8be5\u6821\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u3001\u4ee5\u97f3\u50cf\u8bbe\u5907\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4eba\u4eec\u53e3\u8ff0\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff083\uff09\u00a0\u884c\u52a8\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u884c\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5927\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7531\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u8d44\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u3001\u591a\u65b9\u603b\u7ed3\u6700\u540e\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\u660e\u786e\u3001\u601d\u8def\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff084\uff09\u00a0\u624e\u6839\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u624e\u6839\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u662f\u7531\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684AnselmStrauss\u548cBarneyGlaser\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u662f\u8fd0\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u5f52\u7eb3\u5f0f\u5730\u5f15\u5bfc\u51fa\u624e\u6839\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff085\uff09\u00a0\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76(case study)\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e2a\u6848\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u6574\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u5185\u5728\u4e0e\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u6df1\u5165\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u5404\u751f\u6d3b\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2a\u6848\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2a\u6848\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff086\uff09\u00a0\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u9605\u8bfb\u6240\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65b0\u6279\u8bc4\u7ec6\u8bfb\u6cd5\u201c\u65b0\u6279\u8bc4\u201d\u7ec6\u8bfb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5f0f\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f5c\u8be6\u5c3d\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u662f\u628a\u63e1\u4fee\u8f9e\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u53d9\u8ff0\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u53d9\u8ff0\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201c\u53d9\u8ff0\u5b66\u201d\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u5206\u6790(\u5305\u62ec\u6545\u4e8b\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u7b49)\uff0c\u4e0e\u53d9\u8ff0\u89c6\u89d2\u5206\u6790(\u5305\u62ec\u53d9\u8ff0\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1b\u53d9\u8ff0\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u7b49)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">05.\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u5f62\u6216\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u4e1c\u897f,\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c,\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7c98\u7740\u5173\u7cfb,\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7ed3\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d6\u5411\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u76f8\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316(patterning),\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784,\u5f3a\u8c03\u7528\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u6548\u201d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">06.\u5f15\u6587\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u6587\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u5f52\u7eb3\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u6982\u62ec\u7b49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u8457\u8005\u7b49\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5185\u5728\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba1\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u5f15\u6587\u5e74\u4ee3\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5f15\u6587\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u89c4\u5f8b\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5f15\u6587\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5f15\u6587\u8bed\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5f15\u6587\u56fd\u522b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\uff1a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u79d1\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u79d1\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u6838\u5fc3\u671f\u520a\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u8001\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">07.\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u00a0\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u641c\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u6807\u548c\u6307\u6807\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u53d8\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u00a0\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790(Analysis of Variance\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0ANOVA)\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u53d8\u5f02\u6570\u5206\u6790\u201d\u6216\u201cF\u68c0\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u662fR.A.Fisher\u53d1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6837\u672c\u5747\u6570\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5448\u73b0\u6ce2\u52a8\u72b6\u3002\u9020\u6210\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u968f\u673a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u5f62\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u63a7\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4ece\u89c2\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8bf8\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5bf9\u89c2\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff083\uff09\u00a0\u4e8c\u5143\u76f8\u5173<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5143\u56de\u5f52\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38,\u5f0f\u4e2dy\u662f\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff1bx1\u3001x2\u662f\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff1ba\u3001b1\u3001b2\u662f\u56de\u5f52\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8fd0\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff084\uff09\u00a0\u5143\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u5206\u6790(meta-analysis)\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9\u4f17\u591a\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6587\u732e\u7684\u518d\u6b21\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u6807\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\u7b49\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5143\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5404\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570(\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\u7b49\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff085\uff09\u00a0\u591a\u5143\u56de\u5f52<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u591a\u5143\u56de\u5f52\u201d\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a1\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u4f9d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u30022\u3001\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u591a\u5143\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52,\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4f9d\u591a\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u30023\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ebf\u6027\u6216\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u6570\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\u5f0f\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u80a5\u6599\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff086\uff09\u00a0\u591a\u5143\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5143\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u591a\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u5747\u503c\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u3001\u591a\u5143\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5178\u8303\u76f8\u5173\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff087\uff09\u00a0\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u7fa4\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5171\u6027\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6C.E.\u65af\u76ae\u5c14\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5404\u79d1\u6210\u7ee9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u79d1\u6210\u7ee9\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79d1\u6210\u7ee9\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u60f3\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5171\u6027\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u667a\u529b\u6761\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f52\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff088\uff09\u00a0\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\uff08Principal Component Analysis\uff0cPCA\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u4ee5\u9009\u51fa\u8f83\u5c11\u4e2a\u6570\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u5143\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8bfe\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u63d0\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u4e0e\u6b64\u6709\u5173\u7684\u53d8\u91cf(\u6216\u56e0\u7d20)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7531K.\u76ae\u5c14\u68ee\u5bf9\u975e\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u5c14\u540eH.\u970d\u7279\u6797\u5c06\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u968f\u673a\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u79bb\u5dee\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\u6216\u65b9\u5dee\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u62df\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u6570\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff089\uff09\u00a0\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u6307\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5206\u7ec4\u4e3a\u7531\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u6765\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u805a\u7c7b\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u805a\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5206\u7c7b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c07\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff0810\uff09\u00a0\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c(Nonparametric tests)\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c\u662f\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u5f0f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5982\u5747\u503c\u3001\u65b9\u5dee\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u6001\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u65b9\u5dee\u672a\u77e5\u6216\u77e5\u9053\u751a\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u6001\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u63a8\u65ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u201d\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff0811\uff09\u00a0\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff08Structural\u00b7Equation\u00b7Modeling, SEM\uff09\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u56fd\u5185\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf(\u5373\u6f5c\u53d8\u91cf)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6c6a\u71d5\u3001\u5510\u6d8c.\u56fd\u5916\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u4ee5ERIC\u6536\u5f55\u671f\u520a(2007-2013\u5e74)\u8c03\u67e5\u4e3a\u4f8b[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2,2015,(04)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u793e\u79d1\u7c7b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u5305\u542b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5df2\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span 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class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u79d1\u7814\u5fc5\u5907\uff1a23\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f\u6c47\u603b\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22324"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22324"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22325,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22324\/revisions\/22325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}