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1rem;\">\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5bf9\u524d\u4eba\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5f52\u7eb3\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b[3]\u3002\u5bf9\u524d\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u662f\u5f15\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8d28\u91cf\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u800c\u5728\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u64b0\u5199\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8bba\u6587\u201d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u7efc\u8ff0\u64b0\u5199\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u4e3a 8%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">1.\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8bba\u6587\u201d\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u6216\u8bba\u9898\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52a8\u6001\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u9762\u8bc4\u5224\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u628a\u63e1\u8bba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u843d\u811a\u70b9\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u8bba\u6587\u5b58\u5728\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u91cd\u590d\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f57\u5217\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc4\u8bed\u5982\u201c\u6587\u7ae0\u662f 2014 \u5e74\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4e00\u5171 28 \u7bc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 21 \u7bc7\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9 21 \u7bc7\u4e2d\u8fd8\u67096 \u7bc7\u6765\u81ea\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8fd8\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u9648\u65e7\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u732e\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5c31\u662f 2011 \u5e74\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5b66\u672f\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u82b1\u529b\u6c14\u8ba4\u771f\u64b0\u5199\u8bba\u6587\u3002\uff08\u6cd5\u5b66\uff09\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">2.\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u64b0\u5199\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u4f4e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u64b0\u5199\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8109\u7edc\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7f57\u5217\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc4\u8bed\u5982\u201c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u7efc\u8ff0\u5bf9\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u524d\u6cbf\u6027\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5199\u5f97\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u8bc4\u9605\u4eba\u770b\u51fa\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u843d\u811a\u70b9\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u3002\uff08\u5de5\u5b66\uff09\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4f5c\u8005\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\u6b63<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u7aef\u6b63\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b64\u6b21\u8bba\u6587\u62bd\u68c0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709 7%\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc4\u8bed\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u7aef\u6b63\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5b66\u98ce\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u201d\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u800c\u4ece\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8bba\u6587\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u7aef\u6b63\u548c\u5b66\u98ce\u7684\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u800c\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8bba\u6587\u201d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u2460\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u5373\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed8\u51fa\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u64b0\u5199\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed3\u4fc3\u5199\u6210\uff0c\u6577\u884d\u4e86\u4e8b\uff1b<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u2461\u5b58\u5728\u6284\u88ad\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u6284\u88ad\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u642c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8bba\u6587\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u88ab\u4e13\u5bb6\u76f4\u63a5\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u9009\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u64b0\u5199\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\u6b63\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc4\u8bed\u5982\u201c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u592a\u591f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6240\u63d0\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\uff08\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u201d\u201c\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684 2.2 \u8282\u30012.3 \u8282\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u672c\u7167\u642c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e0d\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff08\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\uff08\u516d\uff09\u9009\u9898\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\u4e0d\u591f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u9009\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u6587\u6240\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u8bba\u6587\u9009\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u540c\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5173\u952e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u8d77\u540c\u884c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u9009\u9898\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u96be\uff0c\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u5177\u5907\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52aa\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9898\u76ee[4]\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8bba\u6587\u201d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709 5%\u662f\u5728\u9009\u9898\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u2460\u9009\u9898\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u2461\u8bba\u6587\u9009\u9898\u4e0e\u6240\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u7574\uff1b\u2462\u8bba\u6587\u7acb\u9898\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u8bba\u9898\u592a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u6216\u6240\u8ff0\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u805a\u7126\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u6587\u3002\u9009\u9898\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u7c7b\u8bba\u6587\u76f8\u8f83\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bba\u6587\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc4\u8bed\u5982\u201c\u8be5\u7c7b\u9009\u9898\u5728\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u6beb\u65e0\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u6545\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\uff08\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u201d\u201c\u8be5\u9009\u9898\u5e94\u8be5\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u9009\u9898\u3002\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff09\u201d\u201c\u9009\u9898\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u9898\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0a\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u3002\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\uff09\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u62bd\u68c0\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u672c\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u53ca\u5b66\u4f4d\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u8b66\u793a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u51cf\u5c11\u62db\u751f\u540d\u989d\u6216\u64a4\u9500\u5b66\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u62bd\u68c0\u548c\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\u524d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\uff0c\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e5f\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u64b0\u5199\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u7b54\u8fa9\u6216\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5bf9\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u9074\u9009\u90fd\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u89c4\u5b9a\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u6765\u81ea\u6821\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7531\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u540d\u4e13\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\uff1b\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u56fd\u9645\u8bc4\u5ba1\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6 50%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784[5]\u3002\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bba\u9898\u7684\u6311\u6218\u6027\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u540c\u6837\u5341\u5206\u770b\u91cd\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7ed3\u679c[6]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u56fd\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Holbrook 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\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u903b\u8f91\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u975e\u539f\u521b\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u6284\u88ad\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u7b49[7]\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u4ece\u9009\u9898\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u3001\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u4e25\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\uff0c\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u532e\u4e4f\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6392\u7248\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6284\u88ad\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u672c\u6b21\u8bba\u6587\u62bd\u68c0\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u90e8\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u969c\u76d1\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7740\u624b\u4fdd\u969c\u5b66\u672f\u578b\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">1.\u6784\u5efa\u5168\u9762\u9ad8\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u6559\u5e08\u6388\u8bfe\u8d28\u91cf\u7eb3\u5165\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u6838\u5f53\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u8584\u5f31\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u884c\u5b66\u5206\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5b66\u5236\u548c\u5b66\u4f4d\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u5206\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u578b\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4e00\u822c\u4fee\u6ee1 32~40 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1rem;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b66\u751f\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u5b66\u5230\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8003\u6838\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u6559\u5e08\u6388\u8bfe\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5165\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u6838\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u66f4\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b66\u751f\u638c\u63e1\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">2.\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bfc\u5e08\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u6c34\u5e73\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5e08\u8058\u4efb\u6216\u62db\u751f\u8d44\u683c\u5ba1\u6838\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u76ee\u524d\u9ad8\u6821\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u8003\u6838\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fc7\u4e8e\u91cd\u89c6\u5bfc\u5e08\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cd\u79d1\u7814\u8f7b\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bfc\u5e08\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u57f9\u517b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u7814\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u7528\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7d20\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u79d1\u7814\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba9\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u7406\u5de5\u79d1\u9662\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5728\u592f\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u5341\u5206\u6b20\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 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style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">3.\u589e\u5f3a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8363\u8a89\u611f\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u5b66\u672f\u89c4\u8303\u6559\u80b2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6b27\u7f8e\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6821\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6284\u88ad\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6284\u88ad\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8003\u8bd5\u4f5c\u5f0a\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u6284\u88ad\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u8fdd\u7eaa\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u6821\u548c\u5bfc\u5e08\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u53d6\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u904f\u5236\u6284\u88ad\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4ea7\u751f[8]\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e 200 \u591a\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Center for\u00a0 Academic\u00a0 Integrity\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u8d23\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u5b66\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u8363\u8a89\u51c6\u5219\uff08Honor Code\uff09\uff0c\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u4f20\u8fbe\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u7b7e\u7f72\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e66[9]\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6240\u6709\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b66\u672f\u8363\u8a89\u611f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u9879\u517c\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e25\u8083\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6577\u884d\u4e86\u4e8b\u751a\u81f3\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 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