{"id":20253,"date":"2018-10-24T10:39:56","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T02:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/?p=20253"},"modified":"2018-10-24T10:39:56","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T02:39:56","slug":"ying-yu-yi-xue-ke-yan-lun-wen-de-ge-shi-he-yao-qiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/ying-yu-yi-xue-ke-yan-lun-wen-de-ge-shi-he-yao-qiu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u82f1\u8bed\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8981\u6c42"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00 \u8ba8\u8bba\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aThe author should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous published studies of the problem,\u5373\uff1a\u4e0e\u5148\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n

A\uff0e \u00a0\u7b80\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\uff08background\uff09<\/p>\n

B\uff0e \u00a0\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u603b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff08general findings\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n

C\uff0e \u00a0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u70b9\uff08introduction of points\uff09<\/p>\n

D\uff0e \u00a0\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\uff08\u82e5\u6709\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff08comparison in the context of other studies\uff09<\/p>\n

E\uff0e \u00a0\u610f\u4e49\uff08suggested meaning\uff09<\/p>\n

F\uff0e \u00a0\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08conclusion\uff09<\/p>\n

G\uff0e \u00a0\u524d\u77bb\u7814\u7a76\uff08future studies\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u957f\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u96be\u5199\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8981\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3001\u63a8\u65ad\u3001\u6f14\u7ece\u548c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u5b57\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u6001\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8981\u5206\u6e05\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff09\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u610f\u89c1\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff1b\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff09\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6216\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff09\u4e0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff09\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1b\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff09\u4e0e\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff09\u7684\u5176\u522b\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8ehowever, may, might, could, would, possibly, probably, be likely to \u7b49\u8bcd\uff08\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u53cawe believe (think \/ consider) that, to our knowledge, in our experience (practice) \u7b49\u63d2\u5165\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

Parenteral nutrition is being used with increasing frequency as a primary source of caloric support in adult and pediatric patients with gastrointestinal problems. Numerous \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 complications have been associated with the administration of TPN, including a significantly increased ncidence of gallbladder disease [3-5,7]. The data here suggest that cholecyste<\/p>\n

ctomy is often required for the management of symptomatic gallbladder disease in this group of patients, and is associated with significant risks.[\u8bf4\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u4e49] Of the 35 patients who required cholecystectomy for TPN-induced gallbladder disease, operative morbidity and mortality were 54 percent and 11 percent, respectively. Maingot [8] has stated that cholecystectomy \u201cis one of the simplest and safest of the abdominal operations, and is ass<\/p>\n

ociated with a low operative mortality rate (about 0.5 percent). A review of the pediatric literature suggests that when cholecystectomy is performed in children, the operative morbidity is less than 10 percent, and the mortality is less than 1 percent. [8,9] Glenn [11] has reported a mortality rate of less than 0.1 percent in over 5,000 patients under<\/p>\n

the age of 50 years who underwent cholecystectomy. The morbidity and mortality observed in our group of receiving long-term TPN, therefore, were far in excess of what would be expected for a population of patients whose mean age was 29 years.<\/p>\n

[\u63d0\u51fa\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83]<\/p>\n

Our data suggest that are specific factors unique to patients who require long-term TPN that contribute to the increased mortality and morbidity associated with cholecystectomy in this select group.[\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u8f83\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u75c5\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\u589e\u9ad8\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u548c\u624b\u672f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u4ece\u7565]<\/p>\n

Based on the results of our studies, we believe that early cholecystectomy is indicated in patients with TPN-induced gallbladder disease. Obviously, all patients with symptomatic disease should undergo cholecystectomy unless there specific medical contraindications. These operations should be performed in a timely, elective fashion because delay may result in the need for urgent surgery and thereby, increase an already high risk. Although recent studies have suggested that cholecystectoy may not be warranted in otherwise healthy patients with asymptomatic gallbladder disease [20], we believe that this axiom does not apply to patie<\/p>\n

nts with TPN-induced gallbladder disease. Out data suggest that the natural history of gallbladder disease in patients receiving TPN is considerably different from that of their counterparts not receiving TPN. Based on our findings, we recommend elective cholecystectomy in patients receiving TPN when gallstones first appear. Furthermore, cholecystectomy should be considered, especially in children without stones who are un<\/p>\n

dergoing laparotomy for other reasons. [\u4ece\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f97\u7ed3\u8bba\u6027\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 ] Whether TPN-induced gallstones can be prevented through daily stimulated gallbladder emptying awaits the results of further studies. [\u524d\u77bb\u7814\u7a76]<\/p>\n

\u4e8c \u00a0 \u81f4\u8c22\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aAlways get approval of your intention to mention someone in the acknowledgement and approval of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement, \u5373\uff1a\u81f4\u8c22\u8bcd\u548c\u81f4\u8c22\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5f81\u5f97\u53d7\u8c22\u4eba\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09 \u00a0 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aReference styles should be specific to each journal, \u65e2\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5404\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u6742\u5fd7\u5bf9\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7f16\u6392\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5c06URMSBJ\u8981\u6c42\u768420\u591a\u79cd\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u76845\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u4e3e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\uff09 \u00a0Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1; 124(11): 980-3. [\u6807\u51c6\u6742\u5fd7\u6587\u7ae0]\u00a0\u3010\u804c\u79f0\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u3011\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7BMW-168168<\/p>\n

2\uff09 \u00a0The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical excise stress testing:Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 282-4. [\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7]<\/p>\n

3\uff09 \u00a0Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1984; 84: 15. [\u65e0\u4f5c\u8005\u540d]<\/p>\n

4\uff09 \u00a0Shen HM, Zhang QF. Risk assessment of nickel cardiogenicity and occupational lung cancer. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 Suppl 1: 275-82. [\u67d0\u6742\u5fd7\u589e\u520a]<\/p>\n

5\uff09 \u00a0Browell DA, Lennard TW. Immunologic status of the cancer patient and the effects of blood transfusion on antitumor responses. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993; 325-33 [\u65e0\u671f\u65e0\u5377]<\/p>\n

\u56db \u00a0\u63d2\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aType or point out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page, \u65e2\uff1a\u63d2\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u53e6\u9875\u53cc\u884c\u6253\u5370\u3002\u5f53\u63d2\u56fe\u4e2d\u6709\u7bad\u5934\uff08arrow\uff09\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\uff08symbol\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\uff08number\uff09\u6216\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08letter\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u63d2\u56fe\u9875\u4e0a\uff09\u5bf9\u5176\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u4f5c\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94 \u00a0 \u63d2\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aDesign your figures for the appropriate reduction, \u5373\uff1a\u63d2\u56fe\u8981\u6309\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u7248\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u63d2\u56fe\u62cd\u6210\u7167\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d \u00a0 \u8868\u683c<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aA table should be a totally self-contained unit of information, \u5373\uff1a\u8868\u683c\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5355\u4f4d\u53e6\u9875\u6253\u5370\u3002\u8868\u683c\u8981\u7b80\u660e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\uff08\u6807\u9898\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u811a\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u683c\u4e5f\u8981\u6807Table 1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03 \u00a0 \u7167\u7247\u548c\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u4e0e\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bba\u6587\u4ee3\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u6709\uff1a\u804c\u79f0\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u3001\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868 \u3001\u6559\u80b2\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u00a0\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868 \u3001\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868 \u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868 \u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u7b49\u4ee3\u53d1\u8bba\u6587\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u00a0 \u4e00 \u8ba8\u8bba\u90e8\u5206 \u603b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1aThe author should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context o … <\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20253"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20253"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20255,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20253\/revisions\/20255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuaiqikan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}