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\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u97e6\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\uff08Ronald D. Vale\uff09\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5206\u6821\uff08UCSF\uff09\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u86cb\u767d\u5206\u5b50\u9a6c\u8fbe\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u4e0e\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5e0c\u8328\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u666e\u8fea\u8d6b\u540c\u83b7\u62c9\u65af\u514b\u57fa\u7840\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u81ea 1995 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u751f\u6709\u5e78\u9047\u5230\u4f60<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u957f\u56e0\u5b50\u4e0e\u5176\u53d7\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u6eaf\u81f3\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u7ffb\u9605\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u6587\u732e\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86Jim\u548cMike Sheetz\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5373\u91cd\u5efa\u808c\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u5305\u8863\u73e0\u968f\u7740\u808c\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u7f06\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u808c\u52a8\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u673a\u5236\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u819c\u56ca\u6ce1\u7684\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\uff1fMike\u548c\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4c\u8d3c\u5de8\u8f74\u7a81\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e4c\u8d3c\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aRobert Allen\uff0cScott Brady\uff0cRay Lasek\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Allen\u65b0\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u589e\u5f3a\u663e\u5fae\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5bf9\u5de8\u8f74\u7a81\u4e2d\u7684\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u65f6\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u8d39\u65f6\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u5f71\u50cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u572810\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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1.\u5bfb\u89c5\u826f\u5e08\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4ed6\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u98ce\u683c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4f60\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u98ce\u683c\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u6bd4\u4f60\u8d44\u6df1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u54ea\u91cc\u6c72\u53d6\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u6cbb\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5438\u53d6\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u8425\u517b\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6c89\u6dc0\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u8ba9\u4f60\u8eab\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u4f60\u6240\u94a6\u4f69\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6c14\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u65e2\u4e0d\u6781\u5ea6\u5d07\u62dc\u8c01\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8f7b\u89c6\u8c01\u3002\u6211\u6df1\u611f\u5e78\u8fd0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u6210\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u89c1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7531Bruce Schnapp, Tom Reese, Mike Sheetz\u548cJim Spudich\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6211\u6240\u83b7\u751a\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff1a\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u9047\u89c1\u4e86\u5bf9\u6211\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08Eric Shooter\u3002\u8bd5\u95ee\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u5bfc\u5e08\u4efb\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6f2b\u6b65\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6216\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e0\u5173\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff1f\u4e14\u4efb\u5176\u5bf9\u5b66\u5206\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5fc3\uff1f\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cEric\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u3002\u5728MBL\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u9047\u89c1\u4e86\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Shinya Inoue\u548cAndrew Szent-Gyorgyi\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u867d\u5c0f\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08\u4e0d\u50cf\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5927\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u70ed\u7231\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u70ed\u7231\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60c5\u613f\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u89e6\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u91cd\u8981\u53c8\u521a\u597d\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\u5230\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u9009\u9898\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u6309\u90e8\u5c31\u73ed\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u5f97\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u81f4\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7cbe\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u591a\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u5bfb\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u5951\u673a\u6216\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6216\u4f60\u7684\u4e13\u957f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u673a\u9047\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u6293\u4f4f\u5b83\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u4e00\u5efa\u8bae\uff09\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u9886\u5148\u5e76\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728Eric Shooter\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u5185\u5bb9\u7fd4\u5b9e\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5fc3\u91cc\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8db3\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6709\u95f2\u5fc3\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e86\u3002\u673a\u4f1a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5bf9Sheetz\/Spudich\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u800c\u6765\u5230\u6211\u8eab\u8fb9\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\u51b3\u5b9a\u53bbWoods Hole\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5192\u9669\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u53d8\u7684\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u679c\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2a\u4eba\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u672a\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u6587\u732e\u6240\u56f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u521a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u5e95\u6c14\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u524d\u4eba\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u9677\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u5148\u524d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7740\u73b0\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8def\u7ebf\u6765\u601d\u8003\u3002\u7528\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u5df2\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eAllen\uff0cBrady\u548cLasek\u89c6\u9891\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5c0f\u56ca\u6ce1\u6210\u50cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u6210\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u575a\u6301\u6765\u7b80\u5386\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u884c\u5f97\u901a\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u575a\u6301\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u505a\u597d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u9876\u7ea7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u697c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e9b\u9648\u65e7\u5374\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u800c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684Tom Reese\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e71\uff0c\u5728Loeb\u5927\u697c\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u623f\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u5316\u5b66\u8bd5\u5242\u5355\u653e\u673a\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u94fa\u6ee1\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u5c0f\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u88ab\u6d77\u6c34\u718f\u7684\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u623f\u95f4\u4e2d\u89e3\u5256\u4e4c\u8d3c\u5de8\u8f74\u7a81\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u620f\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u623f\u95f4\u4e3a\u201c\u6d77\u738b\u661f\u7684\u6d1e\u7a74\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u697c\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u5374\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8ba9\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u3002Tom\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u76ee\u524d\u6c34\u5e73\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u5907——-\u89c6\u9891\u706f\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u9a71\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u63d0\u7eaf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u697c\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u79bb\u5fc3\u673a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u9a6c\u8def\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u697c\u4e2d\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8272\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u9669\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u52aa\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u73a9\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6324\u65f6\u95f4\u6d17\u8863\u670d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u671d\u4e5d\u665a\u4e94\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728Wood Hole\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f02\u5e38\u52aa\u529b\u30021984\u5e74\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u51ac\u5b63\uff0c\u6211\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u6211\u82b1\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9a91\u8f66\u6e38\u884c\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u5728\u5230UCSF\u5de5\u4f5c\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u82b1\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6e38\u73a9\u3002\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u522b\u52aa\u529b\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u6253\u4ed7\u65f6\u653b\u514b\u5173\u952e\u8981\u585e\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u8861\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

7.\u6301\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6052\u6bd4\u624d\u534e\u66f4\u91cd\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e76\u975e\u5929\u751f\u806a\u9896\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4f60\u5f97\u6709\u6052\u5fc3\u3002\u8bc0\u7a8d\u5c31\u662f\u66f4\u52aa\u529b\uff01\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c1984\u5e74\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u4f53\u5916\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002\u590f\u5929\u5feb\u8981\u8fc7\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5c06\u9a6c\u4e0a\u79bb\u5f00\u5f00\u59cb\u6211\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u6d77\u8fb9\u653e\u677e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6211\u56de\u5230\u65af\u5766\u798f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6267\u62d7\u7684\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bd5\u4e86\u53c8\u8bd5\u3002\u5728\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u665a\u4e0a\u6765\u4e34\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u3002\u6211\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u56de\u7a0b\u822a\u73ed\u3002<\/p>\n

8.\u5931\u8d25\u4e43\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u6bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6b63\u59821983\u81f31985\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u6210\u529f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6216\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u5982\u5b83\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u72af\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u72af\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u6027\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e0d\u81f4\u547d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u504f\u79bb\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u592a\u8fdc\u4ee5\u81f4\u8131\u8f68\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bfe\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u987a\u5229\u5411\u524d\u884c\u8fdb\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6709\u6240\u5b89\u6170\uff1b\u56f0\u60d1\u548c\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u9519\u5931\u5f88\u591a\u826f\u673a\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u7ba1\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7b80\u7ea6\u805a\u5408\u7684\u5fae\u7ba1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9a6c\u8fbe\u86cb\u767d\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5fae\u7ba1\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u968f\u540e\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8d44\u52a9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u60f3\u8fc7\u201c\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u9006\u884c\u8f74\u7a81\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u51c0\u5316\uff08\u66f4\u50cf\u540d\u4e3aHMW\u7684ATP\u9176\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u667a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6df7\u5408\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u540e\u8005\u591a\u4f59\u524d\u8005\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

9.\u83ab\u5bf9\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u751f\u8ba1\u5212\u611f\u5230\u60f6\u6050<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u548c\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5c81\u65e9\u671f\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u662f\u88ab\u89c4\u5212\u597d\u7684\u3002MD-PhD\u9879\u76ee\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53bb\u533b\u9662\u5b9e\u4e60\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ddf\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u505a\u4e00\u540d\u4f4f\u9662\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cWoods Hole\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u56de\u5230\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff1f\u4ece\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u7ee7\u7eed\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u5e76\u5ef6\u8fdf\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u4e60\uff1b\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5355\u6838\u9a6c\u8fbe\u5bf9\u533b\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u6781\u5176\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u836f\u7269\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u500d\u611f\u6b23\u6170\u3002<\/p>\n

10.\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u6781\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u505a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f04\u6f6e\u513f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5192\u9669\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u62e5\u62b1\u201d\u5fae\u5c0f\u5374\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u60ca\u559c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u6765\u3002\u6c38\u8fdc\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

Ronald D. Vale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ronald D. Vale\u00a01959\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u597d\u83b1\u575e\u300221 \u5c81\u4ece\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5854\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u5206\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fee\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u5176\u540e\u5230\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5ff5\u53cc\u535a\u58eb\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb-\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff09\uff0c26 \u5c81\u83b7\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bb0\u5f55\u592a\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ea\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6 27 \u5c81\u505a\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c35 \u5c81\u505a\u6b63\u6559\u6388\uff0c42 \u5c81\u5f53\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6 20 \u5c81\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u975e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u8005\u30021985 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6 26 \u5c81\uff0c\u53d1\u8868 5 \u7bc7\u300aCell\u300b\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 4 \u7bc7\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n

Ronald D Vale.\u00a0How lucky can one be? A perspective from a young scientist at the right place at the right time. Nature Medicine, 05 October 2012; doi:10.1038\/nm.2925<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u97e6\u5c14 \u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u97e6\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\uff08Ronald D. Vale\uff09\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5206\u6821\uff08UCSF\uff09\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u86cb\u767d\u5206\u5b50\u9a6c\u8fbe\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u4e0e\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5e0c\u8328\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af … <\/p>\n